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However, potential pathways between major storms and increased COPD admission are unclear.Įxtreme weather is projected to increase as a result of climate change, which is a growing global concern. In addition, COPD is a typical medical condition which is sensitive to the environmental stressors, such as major storms, and symptoms of COPD are exacerbated during and after major storms and hospital admission of COPD increase accordingly. Deaths from chronic lung diseases increased by 50% from 1980 to 2010 in the US. COPD is now the third-leading cause of death.
In the U.S., approximately 6.3% of adults had COPD, which affected 12–24 million Americans, resulting in about 120,000 deaths a year. COPD exacerbation is an important cause of morbidity, impairment of health status, and mortality. Preparation of surrogate electric system before major storms is essential to reduce major storms-COPD hospitalization.Ĭhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, incurable chronic lung disease and affects about 328 million people worldwide. PO mediated almost half of the major storms-COPD hospitalization associations.
Conclusionsīoth major storms and PO were associated with increased hospital admission of COPD. PO mediated as much as 49.6 to 65.0% of the major storms-COPD associations. Snow, hurricane and wind were the top three contributors of PO among the major storms. The risk lasted significantly for 2 days and was strongest at lag2. Compared with non-outage periods, the PO period was associated with 1.23 to 1.61 higher risk of COPD admissions across lag 0–6 days. The risk was strongest at lag3 and lasted significantly for 4 days. The RRs of COPD hospitalization following major storms, which mainly included flooding, thunder, hurricane, snow, ice, and wind, were 1.23 to 1.49 across lag 0–6 days.
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We then used Granger mediation analysis for time series to assess the mediation effect of PO on the major storms-COPD associations. Using distributed lag nonlinear models, the hospitalization rate during major storms and PO was compared to non-major storms and non-PO periods to determine the risk ratios (RRs) for COPD at each of 0–6 lag days respectively after controlling for time-varying confounders and concentration of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). In this time-series study, we extracted all hospital admissions with COPD as the principal diagnosis in New York, 2001–2013. This study aimed to examine how PO mediates the major storms-COPD associations. However, significant gaps remain in understanding what PO’s role is on the pathway of major storms-COPD. Limited studies indicate that COPD was associated with major storms and related power outages (PO). Bock Stats Modeling the World, 4th Edition, the book Stats Modeling the World, 4th Edition, David E.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third-leading cause of death worldwide with continuous rise.
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